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“It’s like we expected - users see these means of transport as environmentally friendly, while non-users usually don’t share that same perception”, says Phil Flores, PhD student at K2 and the School of Economics and Management at Lund University. 

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Knowledge about passengers preferences is important as it can help guiding the prioritisation between different measures when public transport and infrastructure are developed and planned. Ulrik Berggren has used a new methodology to measure and model the behaviour of public transport passengers.

“Public transport passengers are prepared to walk or cycle much longer to reach a line with extra departures or a connection with fewer transfers”, says Ulrik Berggren.

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The transition to renewable fuels in the Swedish bus sector has been rapid and in 2020 over 90 percent of all bus kilometers were run on renewable fuels. However, the proportion and type of renewable fuel differs between the country’s different regions.

"The environmental requirements that have governed the public procurement of bus traffic have been of great importance for the rapid introduction of renewable fuels in Sweden", says Malin Aldenius.

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“During the pandemic, we have learned that it is possible to influence people's behaviour and that both organisations and individuals have the ability to change and find new creative solutions, when necessary,” says John Hultén.

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Car and car emissions cause a variety of problems such as unhealthy city air, noise, accidents and congestion. In addition, emissions from cars contribute to climate change. K2's Alfred Söderberg has published a thesis on various forms of measures to encourage car users to choose other means of transport.

− Soft measures, such as informing about new cycle paths or offering free trial periods with public transport, can be very effective, especially when the measures are aimed at car users who are open to trying something new, says Alfred Söderberg.

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− The starting point was to explore and understand what happens in a specific context where smart mobility is introduced, says Kelsey Oldbury, research assistant at K2 and VTI (the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute).

Kelsey has studied the processes of governance and planning of public transport in light of the changing transport sector where new smart mobility services are under development and presented the study in her licentiate thesis this February.

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Initial projects are important. Good examples, if it comes to tearing down a freeway in Seoul or out-maneuvering car commuting with speedy trains in Perth, have a crucial impact on change. The sustainable city is possible but often needs an inspiring push for actual decision-making. “Planning for Green and Livable Cities Through Reduced Automobile Dependence” is a global outlook teaching good city planning and sustainable transport – and delivering a strong portion of hope.

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We know that public transport both reflects and reinforces tensions and inequalities between different groups in society. The objective of social sustainability has a long history, but as a concept in terms of social sustainable accessibility it is, however, relatively new in the transport subject area in Sweden.

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Subsidizing public transport is an incentive to improve transportation for people with low income. However, new K2-research reveals that public transport travelers with low income to a large extent use single tickets.

− If you travel as frequently as the people in our sample, single tickets are much more expensive than, for example, monthly travelcards. But people with low income travel more often with single tickets, says K2 PhD-student Anders Bondemark at Lund University and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.

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Researchers from K2 have studied policy and strategy documents from thirteen cities in Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany and Great Britain. 

Cars undisputed despite environmental effects
Robert Hrelja (Malmö University) and Tom Rye (Molde University College), scanned the documents, learning about the cities´ intentions for the transition towards a sustainable transport system. Question was, do the problematisation of the cars´negative effects in the documents coincide with actual strategies and measures for reducing car traffic?

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New tramway in Lund - effects for travelers and transport systems
The purpose of this project is to quantitatively analyze travelers' values ​​of various travel time components. The study complements data collection of travel patterns carried out in 2016 and 2017.
Project manager: Ulrik Berggren, Lund University.

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“A message saying smart mobility will only be developed in a desired direction and fulfil societal objectives if it is steered in that direction has been conveyed extensively. This book aims to take the discussion one step further by focusing on what governance of smart mobility looks like today and can look like in the future”, Claus Hedegaard Sørensen explains.