Publikationer

Syftet med denna studie har i första hand varit att öka förståelsen av optionsvärdet och dess betydelse för värdering av kollektivtrafik. I andra hand har vi studerat så kallade icke-användarvärden. Begreppet optionsvärde har sitt ursprung i miljöekonomin och uppstår då det råder osäkerhet om framtida konsumtion. Optionsvärdet utgör den premie individer är beredda att betala för att försäkra sig om en viss framtida konsumtion. I miljöekonomin yttrar det sig som en betalningsvilja för att bevara naturområden och inom transportekonomin yttrar det sig som en betalningsvilja för att hålla utbud tillgängligt.

In the context of public transportation, just as in many parts of society, the level of organizational complexity has increased over the last twenty years. Due to structural reforms and policy adjustments, responsibilities for the public transportation system in Sweden have become increasingly divided between a variety of public and private actors, thus fragmenting the organizational landscape. This development has led to an increased awareness of the need to coordinate efforts in the public transport system. Not only does this involve coordination between private and public actors, it also involves coordination between public actors located at different vertical and horizontal scales in the government structure. The literature on governance has developed as a means to theorize these shifts and changes.

Denna litteraturöversikt har genomförts inom forskningsområdet Resenärsperspektivet vid K2. Målgruppen för översikten är praktiker, planerare, utredare och forskare som arbetar med kollektivtrafik, samt alla andra som är intresserade av hur resenärerna (användare) framträder i utredning och forskning om kollektivtrafik. Översikten ligger till grund för den forskning som sker inom FOU-området Resenärsperspektivet. Det innebär att de inriktningar och den kunskap som vi beskriver i översikten är värdefulla för pågående kunskapsutveckling.

Driver fatigue has received increased attention during recent years and is now considered to be a major contributor to approximately 15–30% of all crashes. However, little is known about fatigue in city bus drivers. It is hypothesized that city bus drivers suffer from sleepiness, which is due to a combination of working conditions, lack of health and reduced sleep quantity and quality. The overall aim with the current study is to investigate if severe driver sleepiness, as indicated by subjective reports of having to fight sleep while driving, is a problem for city based bus drivers in Sweden and if so, to identify the determinants related to working conditions, health and sleep which contribute towards this. The results indicate that driver sleepiness is a problem for city bus drivers, with 19% having to fight to stay awake while driving the bus 2–3 times each week or more and nearly half experiencing this at least 2–4 times per month. In conclusion, severe sleepiness, as indicated by having to fight sleep during driving, was common among the city bus drivers. Severe sleepiness correlated with fatigue related safety risks, such as near crashes.

This study employs Amartya Sen's Capability Approach as a guiding conceptual framework in the exploration of public transport as an element of mobility among the young-old living in Stockholm, Sweden. The aim is to shed light on the variation in mobility resources of those who perceive they can use public transport as their primary mode of transport and of those who perceive they cannot (‘mobility capability element’), as well as that of those using public transport and of those not using it (‘mobility functioning element’). Increasing residential density, being female and having a higher functional capacity were among the mobility resources which produced a positive increase in the likelihood of considering it possible to use, and the use of, public transport. The higher the ratio of cars to household member, the lower the likelihood of including public transport as a mobility capability element or as a mobility functioning element. Most of those who included public transport use as both a mobility capability element and a mobility functioning element were also users of the private car. There was also a tendency towards car use rather than towards no travel if the individual was not a user of public transport. Through the application of the Capability Approach, this paper facilitates further insight into the variation in mobility resources, corresponding mobility capability and mobility functioning elements of this group, with respect to public transport. It also opens up questions for the future employment of this conceptual framework within transport research.